Chelated Copper Parasitic Disease Preventative

Permoxyn®
(3.84% Potassium Permanganate)
.

PURPOSES AND BENEFITS
Permoxyn has many uses. Permoxyn can be used as a disenfectant, as a treatment for bacteria gill disease, and as a bath to eliminate parasites from fishes. Also, Permoxyn is a water conditioner for ponds and aquariums, useful in the improvement of water quality by oxidation of excessive dissolved and suspended organic materials. The conditioner can be used as a quick and sure method to reduce dangerous high organic levels in freshwater ponds and aquariums. The chronic presence of excessive dissolved organics promotes the growth of potential disease causing bacteria and can damage the delicate gills of fishes. High levels of dissolved organics can interfere in the normal growth rate of aquatic animals. Permoxyn is useful to inactivate treatments that use Formalin or Formalin/Malachite Green. This product should only be used when there is evidence that excessive suspended and/or dissolved organics are present.

SPECIFICATIONS
Contains Potassium Permanganate, U.S.P. grade in 3.84% solution. Dosage: Add 1 teaspoon (approximately 5 ml) per 10 gallons of water to produce an initial concentration of 5 ppm. When used at this concentration, 4 ounces of Permoxyn will treat 240 gallons of water. A partial water change is recommended after the completion of the treatment.

MODE OF ACTION
Permoxyn is a strong oxidizing agent which readily decomposes in the presence of various chemicals. Its reaction with organic materials produces carbon dioxide. The process oxidizes various dissolved and suspended materials in aquatic systems.

STABILITY
Permoxyn solution remains stable for a long period if kept in a cool place, tightly capped and kept free from contaminants. The product is sensitive to light.

COMPATIBILLITIES
Kordon's NovAqua® and Trans·Clear can be used 24 hours after treatment with Permoxyn. The product is incompatible with certain medications. It is safe for use in recirculation systems with biological filtration when used at the recommended concentrations. Formalin and Formalin/Malachite Green will rapidly become deactivated in the presence of Permoxyn . Do not mix or use with Hydrogen Peroxide. The use of Kordon's AmQuel® will reduce or eliminate the presence of Permoxyn.

CONTRAINDICATIONS
The use of Permoxyn (Potassium Permanganate) is restricted for use as a freshwater conditioner. It is not intended for this formulation to be used as a medication or chemotherapeutic agent. Special care must be exercised when using Permoxyn in a system which has chronic low levels of dissolved oxygen coupled with high organic levels. The dissolved oxygen levels must be monitored by use of an oxygen test kit or dissolved oxygen meter when using this product under such situations.

CAUTIONS
This product is non-toxic to fishes when used as directed. Good water circulation and aeration must be provided when using the product. Permoxyn (Potassium Permanganate) is a strong oxidizer. It is toxic to certain species of algae, aquatic plants and invertebrates. The toxicity of Permoxyn to fishes varies with water quality, especially pH, temperature, and hardness. The product can increase dissolved carbon dioxide levels due to its normal oxidation reaction. In case of contract with the skin, immediately flush with clean water. In case of an accidental overdose to fishes, immediately dose with Kordon's AmQuel® or dip in evaporated milk, followed by rinsing in water. Either will deactivate the potassium permanganate.

SUGGESTED USAGE
Care must be exercised when using this product. The action of Permoxyn will proceed more rapidly under acidic water conditions. A practical quick test to ascertain whether the organics are excessive in a particular water system may be performed as follows:
(a) Obtain two (2) clean glass vials or test tubes, into one (called a standard) add 1 teaspoon of deionized, distilled or clean tap water; into the other add 1 teaspoon of a water sample from the pond or aquarium being treated.
(b) Add 1 drop of the 3.84% Permoxyn solution to both tubes. Cap tube and invert a few times to mix.
(c) Allow to stand undisturbed up to 24 hours. Depending on the concentration of organics in the sample, a change may be observed within a few hours. The "standard" will remain a transparent purple. The sample will change from purple, to a rose-purple and to brown. If the sample turns from transparent purple ( when compared with the standard) to a brown, the amount of organics in the water system can be considered excessive. If the sample remains unchanged, or if there is a slight change, then the organics are low. In the latter case. Permoxyn need not be used.

To reduce excessive dissolved and/or suspended organic materials in ponds and aquaria:
(a) Remove carbon and clean the outside filter. Return the filter to use without the carbon.
(b) Calculate the actual volume of water to be treated, taking into consideration the displacement of water by sand and rock.
(c) Add 1 teaspoon (5 mL) of Permoxyn per 10 gallons of water. This produces a concentration of 5 ppm. Do not exceed the recommended dosage.
(d) As the organic materials in the water oxidize, the purple color will change to a rose-purple and then to an opaque brown. When the brown color is observed, immediately make a partial water change. Note: it is highly recommended that when the treatment is performed, that additional aeration is always provided especially in ponds. The dissolved oxygen levels should be monitored during the treatment with an accurate test kit. This is especially important in ponds in which excessive algae growth may be present. Discontinue treatment at any time if the fishes are demonstrating undue stress. Kordon's AmQuel can be added to the water to immediately stop the treatment.
(e) After performing a water change, add Kordon's NovAqua® to condition the newly added water. NovAqua or PolyAqua® will assist in replenishing the slime coat on the fish which may have been removed during treatment. Return high grade activated carbon to the filter.

To use for Bacterial Gill Disease remove carbon and clean the outside filter. Return the filter to use without the carbon. Add 1/2 teaspoon (2.5 mL) of Permoxyn per 10 gallons of water to produce a concentration of 2.5 ppm. Do not exceed the recommended dosage. After 4 consecutive days make an extensive water change of one half or more of the water volume.

To deactivate formalin and formalin/malachite green in the aquarium or pond:
(a) Allow carbon to remain in the filter.
(b) Calculate the actual water volume to be treated.
(c) Add 1 teaspoon of Permoxyn (3.84% Potassium Permanganate) per 10 gallons of water.
(d) Make a partial water change after the water color changes.
(e) As the organic materials in the water oxidize, the purple color will change to a rose-purple and then to an opaque brown. When the brown color is observed, immediately make a partial water change. Note: it is highly recommended that when the treatment is performed, that additional aeration is always provided especially in ponds. The dissolved oxygen levels should be monitored during the treatment with an accurate test kit. This is especially important in ponds in which excessive algae growth may be present. Discontinue treatment at any time if the fishes are demonstrating undue stress. Kordon's AmQuel can be added to the water to immediately stop the treatment.
(f) After performing a water change, add Kordon's NovAqua® to condition the newly added water. NovAqua or PolyAqua® will assist in replenishing the slime coat on the fish which may have been removed during treatment. Return high grade activated carbon to the filter.

To use as a bath to disinfect aquarium and pond plants, ornaments or substrates, put the objects in a 10 ppm bath (2 teaspoons [10 mL] of Permoxyn per ten gallons of water) for 30 minutes. Rinse objects throughly in water before putting them in an aquarium or pond.

To use as bath for diseases caused by external protozoans and crustaceans from fishes,use a 10 ppm solution (2 teaspoons [10 mL] of Permoxyn per 10 gallons of water) for 30 minutes. Discontinue use any time that fishes show undue stress.

Kordon's Permoxyn is supplied for aquarium and pond use in convenient 4 fl oz (118 mL) bottles.